Complex Instruction
The complex instruction model aims to “disrupt typical hierarchies of who is ‘smart’ and who is not” (Sapon-Shevin, 2004) by promoting equal status interactions amongst students so that they engage with tasks that have high cognitive demand within a cooperative learning environment (Jilk, unpublished document, 2009).
What is Complex Instruction? |
Complex Instruction Program |
Complex Instruction (CI) is a coherent program of pedagogical strategies grounded in the sociological research of Elizabeth Cohen and her colleagues (Cohen & Lotan, 1997; Cohen, 1994). CI aims to increase participation and learning for every child. In particular the Complex Instruction model focuses on the following:
Find out more about the pedagogy of Complex Instruction, the research behind it, and resources available here:
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Through the Complex Instruction Professional Development Program:
Find out about our SFUSD CI Program Components here:
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The following schools are participating in our Complex Instruction Program:
Elementary Schools
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K–8 Schools
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Middle Schools
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High Schools
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Additional teachers have taken the Complex Instruction course. The above list reflects departments and sites that are committed to the work of Complex Instruction and supported through the SFUSD Complex Instruction Program.